)exports: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est. Northeast Argentina features rain forests and Iguaz Falls. In terms of area, Argentina is the second largest country of South America after Brazil, and the 8th largest country in the world. Within the region the Andean system of north-south-trending mountain ranges varies in elevation from 16,000 to 22,000 feet (4,900 to 6,700 metres) and is interrupted by high plateaus (punas) and basins ranging in elevation from about 10,000 to 13,400 feet (3,000 to 4,080 metres). ), number of registered air carriers: 6 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 107annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 18,081,937 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 311.57 million (2018) mt-km, total: 161over 3,047 m: 42,438 to 3,047 m: 291,524 to 2,437 m: 65914 to 1,523 m: 53under 914 m: 10 (2021), total: 977over 3,047 m: 12,438 to 3,047 m: 11,524 to 2,437 m: 43914 to 1,523 m: 484under 914 m: 448 (2021), 29,930 km gas, 41 km liquid petroleum gas, 6,248 km oil, 3,631 km refined products (2013), total: 281,290 km (2017)paved: 117,616 km (2017)unpaved: 163,674 km (2017), total: 202by type: container ship 1,bulk carrier 1 general cargo 8, oil tanker 33, other 159 (2021), major seaport(s): Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Ushuaiacontainer port(s) (TEUs): Buenos Aires (1,446,452) (2021)LNG terminal(s) (import): Bahia Blancariver port(s): Arroyo Seco, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana), Argentina operates one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakernote - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm), Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic (Fuerzas Armadas de la Repblica Argentina): Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino, EA), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica, ARA; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA); Ministry of Security: Gendarmera Nacional Argentina (National Gendarmerie), Coast Guard (Prefectura Naval) (2022), 0.8% of GDP (2021 est. In Argentina, all major lakes are in Patagonia (Carlevari and Carlevari, 2007). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Its largest and second largest international borders are the: ArgentinaChile border, which is 5,308km (3,298mi) long and ArgentinaParaguay border which is 1,699km (1,056mi) long.[4][5][6]. Aconcagua. Their early task was largely to establish national sovereignty over these disputed areas and to protect borders. The dance called tango is thought to have started in Argentina. )-9.94% (2020 est. In 1946, Juan Pern became president due to his popularity with the working class. ), production: 829,000 metric tons (2020 est. ), lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 31% (2017 est. Flamingos, toucans, turtles, and tortoises also live in the subtropical north. )transmission/distribution losses: 20.74 billion kWh (2020 est. note: data are in current year dollars$52.339 billion (2020 est.) South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, "The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats", "INDEC: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos de la Repblica Argentina", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Argentina&oldid=1134811485, Articles with empty sections from May 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Department of State Background Notes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Areic watersheds: they lack of drainage and could be found in the center-west of the chaquenean plain, on the west of the pampean region and in some patagonic areas, Location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (, Territorial sea: 12nmi (22.2km; 13.8mi), Continental shelf: 200nmi (370.4km; 230.2mi) or to the edge of the continental margin. Water flow relevance is based on its potential to be used for irrigation and as a source of energy. ), forest revenues: 0.09% of GDP (2018 est. What kind of weather does Argentina have? Its total area is 2,780,400km2 (1,073,500sqmi). Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. (Spanish)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Today. The National Park Police Force was born, enforcing the new laws preventing tree-felling and hunting. Patagonia, semiarid scrub plateau that covers nearly all of the southern portion of mainland Argentina. ), environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation (erosion, salinization), desertification, air pollution, and water pollution, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, particulate matter emissions: 11.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. While the population under age 15 is shrinking, the youth cohort - ages 15-24 - is the largest in Argentina's history and will continue to bolster the working-age population. European immigration also began to wane in the 1930s because of the global depression. )nuclear: 7.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est. At 22,834 feet, Aconcagua is the highest point of all of South America. In his writing, Alexander covers a wide range of topics, from cutting-edge medical research and technology to environmental science and space exploration. He died suddenly and Isabel became president and soon the country's economy fell apart. With an area of about 260,000 square miles (673,000 square kilometres), it constitutes a vast area of steppe and desert that extends south from latitude 37 to 51 S. The inflow rebounded temporarily following WWII and resumed its decline in the 1950s when Argentina's military dictators tightened immigration rules and European economies rebounded. In 1982, the president of Argentina, General Leopoldo Galtieri invaded the Falkland Islands off the coast in the Atlantic Ocean thinking the British wouldn't put up a fight. Total Area: 1,073,518 square miles (2,780,400 square kilometers) Highest Point: Cerro Aconcagua 22,841 feet (6,962 meters) Lowest Point: Laguna del Carbon 344 feet (105 meters) History of Argentina Argentina saw the first Europeans arrive when Italian explorer and navigator Amerigo Vespucci reached its shores in 1502. Yerba Mate is the most popular drink in Argentina. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Join us on an exciting adventure to East Asia! Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield. This formed the nucleus of a larger protected area in Patagonia around San Carlos de Bariloche. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. refugees (country of origin): 170,517 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021), counterfeiting, drug trafficking, and other smuggling offenses along the northern border; some money laundering organizations in the Tri-Border Area may have links to the terrorist organization Hizballah; a large producer of chemical precursors, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2020 est. )permanent pasture: 39.6% (2018 est. During heat waves, temperatures can exceed 40 C (104 F) in the summer months, while in the winter months, cold air masses from the south can push temperatures below freezing, resulting in frost. You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. More than 7 million European immigrants are estimated to have arrived in Argentina between 1880 and 1930, when it adopted a more restrictive immigration policy. There have been several democratically elected presidents after many years of political turmoil. It does not store any personal data. Its home to the highest and lowest points in two hemispheres. ), 193.205 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )refined petroleum consumption: 680,000 bbl/day (2019 est. Its landscape is extremely varied, with the top sub-tropical and sun-baked, and its sub-Antarctic bottom tip glistening with icy waters and glaciers. ), 10.9% (2021 est. Altogether, the country is divided into four regions the Andes, the Pampas, the north and Patagonia, which covers the southern part of the country. Higher elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions. Its landscape is extremely varied, with the top sub-tropical and sun-baked, and its sub-Antarctic bottom tip glistening with icy waters and glaciers. Evita was the first woman to appear on the currency. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! note: data are in current year dollars$66.574 billion (2019 est.) The mountain elevation is mostly 0-1000 meter. You will know about location of Argentina on world map, famous rivers, famous . If this large working-age population is well-educated and gainfully employed, Argentina is likely to experience an economic boost and possibly higher per capita savings and investment. Argentina's physical features consists of many distinct and unique landforms. Argentina is rich in animal species. Patagonia is a sparsely populated area rich in natural resources and wildlife, including herons, condors, pumas, tortoises and guanacos elegant animals closely related to llamas and alpacas. Its total area is 2,780,400 km 2 (1,073,500 sq mi). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The coast of Patagonia is home to elephant seals, fur seals, penguins, and sea lions. Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield. Does it snow in Argentina? The mountain elevation is mostly 0-1000 meter. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. The Patagonian Desert, also known as the Patagonian Steppe, is the largest desert in Argentina and is the 8th largest desert in the world by area, occupying 673,000 square kilometers (260,000 mi 2).It is located primarily in Argentina and is bounded by the Andes, to its west, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east, in the region of Patagonia, southern Argentina. are not written. Get uplifting news, exclusive offers, inspiring stories and activities to help you and your family ), urban population: 92.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. With a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of approximately US$490 billion, Argentina is one of the largest economies in Latin America. This beautiful city is sometimes referred to as the Paris of South America because of its European influences. The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. To the east of the Andes, the interior of the country is flat, fertile grassland called the Pampas. ), total: 32.4 yearsmale: 31.1 yearsfemale: 33.6 years (2020 est. . What are 7 interesting facts about Argentina? Fitz Roy Mountain Range. In 1946, Juan Peron became president due to his popularity with the working class. )note: based on private sector estimates, 21.206 million (2021 est. The Andes Mountains include some of the highest elevations in the world. In 1982, the president of Argentina, General Leopoldo Galtieri invaded the Falkland Islands off the coast in the Atlantic Ocean thinking the British wouldnt put up a fight. Argentina is world famous for football (soccer) and polo, but the game that since 1953 has been enshrined in law as the countrys official national sport is somewhat less well-known. )9.84% (2019 est. Argentina physical features. Argentina on a World Wall Map: Argentina is one of nearly 200 countries illustrated on our Blue Ocean Laminated Map of the World. The first ballpoint pen had been invented roughly 50 years earlier by John J. Spain colonized Argentina in the 16th century; it declared its independence in 1816 and emerged as a democratic republic in the mid 19th century, but has since then periodically fallen under military rule. Unlike Mexico and South American countries such as Peru and Ecuador, Argentina has fewer native people and a large population, which came from Europe. One reason that our program is so strong is that our . Argentina's terrain consists of plains (the Pampas ), flat to rolling plateau ( Patagonia) and rugged mountains (the Andes ). Argentina produced the worlds first animated feature film in 1917. Sharks, orcas, dolphins and salmon swim in the waters off the Atlantic coast. ), conventional long form: Argentine Republicconventional short form: Argentinalocal long form: Republica Argentinalocal short form: Argentinaetymology: originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., "Land beside the Silvery River" or "silvery land," which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Rio de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or "silvery", name: Buenos Airesgeographic coordinates: 34 36 S, 58 22 Wtime difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the name translates as "fair winds" in Spanish and derives from the original designation of the settlement that would become the present-day city, "Santa Maria del Buen Aire" (Saint Mary of the Fair Winds), 23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (Tierra del Fuego - Antarctica and the South Atlantic Islands), Tucumannote: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica, Revolution Day (May Revolution Day), 25 May (1810), history: several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853amendments: a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention; amended several times, last significant amendment in 1994, civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - in mid-2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 2 years, 18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age - optional for national elections, chief of state: President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019)cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held ); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)election results: 2019: Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%2015: Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%. The Igazu Falls is a man made waterfall and was awarded the title as one of the seven wonders of the world. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The temperatures range is, from mild winters to subtropical climates. )female: 19.6% (2020 est. Argentina features various hot springs, such as those at Termas de Ro Hondo with temperatures between 30C and 65C. From the deserts of Africa to mega cities of Asia, watch as we explore the coolest places and most interesting facts about each of our continents. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Blank Bicontinental Argentina Map. The capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires, and it borders countries like Chile, Paraguay, and Brazil. ), production: 41,194,148,000 cubic meters (2020 est. Much of the native population died from diseases brought in by Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Patagonia is a sparsely populated area rich in natural resources and wildlife, including herons, condors, pumas, tortoises, and guanacos. Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The Monte is an arid region located in the Andes rain shadow. GeoBlogs. All rights reserved. MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. Their difference is mainly based on their extension and depth. )imports: 990,000 metric tons (2020 est. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. The eastern border of the. The elevation in Brazil begins at sea level and reaches 9,823 feet (2,994 meters) at its highest point. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Lake Buenos Aires and O'Higgins/San Martn Lake are shared with Chile. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Argentina is home to the first ballpoint pen factory. Vegetation varies from cacti to short grasses. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 11,400 bbl/day (2018 est. These spectacular falls, on Argentina's border with Brazil, descend along a 1.6-mile (2.7-kilometer) front in a horseshoe shape. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.122 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Argentina has been primarily a country of immigration for most of its history, welcoming European immigrants (often providing needed low-skilled labor) after its independence in the 19th century and attracting especially large numbers from Spain and Italy. Argentina claims a section of Antarctica ( Argentine Antarctica) that is subject to the Antarctic Treaty. Argentina's physical features are Andes Mountain, Pampas, Patagonia, Parana River, Uruguay River, And part of Gran Chaco. Find out all about the cool country of Peru! Local residents recaptured the capital, but never regained control of the islands. Jan 12, 2016 - Physical map of Argentina with different aspects of the map like height from sea level, rivers, mountains etc shown in different colors. 3. In 1980, another new law affirmed the status of national parks - this law is still in place. Argentina is a vast country located in the southern part of South America. country people devoted to lassoing and raising cattle and horses. The Aconcagua Mountains, at 22,384 ft, is the tallest peak in all of South America, located in western Argentina. The Salad Eyes. )percent of population: 87% (2021 est. The waters off the Atlantic are home to sharks, orcas, dolphins, and salmon. NA, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: NAtotal: NAunimproved: rural: NAtotal: (2020 est.) Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. ), $6.708 billion (2021 est. 0-14 years: 23.51% (male 5,645,070/female 5,316,156)15-64 years: 63.83% (male 14,929,084/female 14,827,733)65 years and over: 12.66% (2023 est.) The country is divided into four regions: The Andes, the North, the Pampas, and Patagonia. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 10.4% (2021 est. Named pato duck in Spanish it has nothing to do with racing birds, and is much more adrenaline-fuelled than the name suggests. ), 15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Cordoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucuman, 914,000 La Plata (2023), at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Geografa econmica y humana.14 edicin. It benefits from rich natural resources including oil, silver and copper and a well-educated population. )26.5% (2016 est. Roads and railroads provide South Americas densest transportation network. Physical features of Chile 1 Chile is located in Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru 2 The capital city of Chile is Santiago 3 Chile is 10 times longer than it is wide 4 Chile covers an area of 756,945 square kilometres Where are the natural climates found in Chile? Get the lowdown on one of Latin Americas coolest countries with our fascinating Argentina facts! Six more were declared by 1970. National Monument to the Flag. A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 3,091km2 of tidal flats in Argentina, making it the 9th ranked country in terms of how much tidal flat occurs there.[3]. )consumption: 121,563,940,000 kWh (2020 est. Argentina is a large country with many different physical features, ranging from the crest of the Andes Mountains to the estuary known as Rio de la Plata. After World War II, an era of populism under former President Juan Domingo PERON - the founder of the Peronist political movement - and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Both of these issues vary widely by region and socioeconomic group. They gained independence in 1816. Argentines and Porteos (natives of the capital) are very friendly, engaging, and open to foreigners who are curious about their way of life. Three years later, Juan Peron was forced out of office after he tried to increase his powers. )wine: 2.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI's economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNANDEZ and Vice President FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER. The parks cover a very varied set of terrains and biotopes, from Barit National Park on the northern border with Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego National Park in the far south of the continent (see List of national parks of Argentina). Yerba Mate is the most popular drink in Argentina! Northeast Argentina features rainforests and Iguazu Falls. The military took control of the country in 1976, triggering whats known as the dirty war. Argintinas Parana Plateau is located in its extreme northeast with features of south Brazils highlands, of which it is an extension. Its made up of 7 huge landmasses called continents and each one is unique from the others. )-2% (2019 est. It is the second largest country in South America after Brazil, and the eighth largest country in the world. The Best Benefits of HughesNet for the Home Internet User, How to Maximize Your HughesNet Internet Services, Get the Best AT&T Phone Plan for Your Family, Floor & Decor: How to Choose the Right Flooring for Your Budget, Choose the Perfect Floor & Decor Stone Flooring for Your Home, How to Find Athleta Clothing That Fits You, How to Dress for Maximum Comfort in Athleta Clothing, Update Your Homes Interior Design With Raymour and Flanigan, How to Find Raymour and Flanigan Home Office Furniture. ), fossil fuels: 65.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )carbon dioxide emissions: 201.35 megatons (2016 est. Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. Argentina also claims a portion of Antarctica, as well as several islands in the South Atlantic, including the British-ruled Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Geographers divide theses features into either physical and human feature. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. In 2015, Argentina received the highest number of legal migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Misiones jungle is one of the most biodiverse regions in Argentina. Mar Chiquita, Crdoba, is the largest salt water lake in the country. ), maize, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, milk, barley, sunflower seed, beef, grapes, potatoes, food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel, 15.26% (2021 est. Bolivia is to the northwest and Paraguay is to the north. Please be respectful of copyright. The environment does not encourage development of the area, and it includes vast regions that are uninhabited. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. After the defeat, the country moved toward democracy and civilian rule. After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. Maradona has his own Church and religion! What are some of Argentina most famous physical features? Argentina varied geography can be grouped into four major regions: the Andes, the North, the Pampas, and Patagonia. )investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (2017 est. ), 39 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The high mountain spine of the Andes, called the Andes Cordillera, creates a natural 3,195-mile (5,141.9-kilometer) border with Chile. 2. The Spanish arrived in 1516 and ruled the country for 300 years.

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