The radio system portfolio consists of macro and micro radios, supporting FDD, TDD as well . ericsson air 6449 datasheet. The selection consists of efficient and verified components - always based on the user's needs. The new performance demands on networks require new levels of spectral efficiency, and flexibility. Overview Ericsson AIR 6488 is a 64TR TDD AAS for 5G New Radio (NR). PHY MISC. UL: Optimized for four-antenna receiver diversity (MRC) and interference rejection (IRC). No matter if the deployment is planned in very inhospitable regions or in urban areas - we offer solutions for all. Ericsson_Radio_4408_Datasheet.pdf. The Rado 4449 B71+B85A is an Ericsson Remote Radio Unit that operates in the LTE Band 71 and Band 85A. Baa rjm`ts reservef. Connect data, assets, tasks, and documents on one simple, scalable platform ericsson air 6449 b41 datasheet, The Ericsson AIR 6449 B41 product (KRD 901 141/1, KRD 901 141/11) shall be installed to make sure that the general public does not have access to the applicable RF EMF compliance boundary. The picture beside it shows the back part of the Radio 4408, the support system in which the wall mount and pole mount are integrated. Spec sheet by Andrew, Part #MC-PK12S Previous Analyses Tower SA by ATC, Engineering #13683130_C3_03, dated June 25, 2021 . Either single antennas or complete active-passive solutions can be found in the product selection of the catalog. To connect the power feeder cable to RRUS A2, do the following: 57/1531-LZA 701 6001-V15 Uen A | 2015-02-06 49 f Install Remote Radio Units 1. Depending on spec, it weighed up to 60kg. 169. Written by June 5, 2022 . Trichias, V. FAX: 61-8-6488-1039. Ericsson introduced a number of new products and solutions to enhance its 5G platform at its Pre-MWC Media and Analyst briefing in London on 13 February. handles, feet and fan unit) - Height: 18.1" (460 mm) - Width:13.4" (342 mm) - Depth: 8.26" (210 mm) Weight, excl. The new additions were largely on the operations and business support services side and are designed to enhance the user experience, cut complexity and cost, and enable faster deployment of . The 5G future is here with more deployments, ever-increasing data traffic and subscriber growth. It has a maximum IBW of 100 MHz and maximum transmitted power of 80 W. (3) TMA (6) 1-5/8" coax (1) 1-5/8" Hybrid Ground: Remove: 3106 Cabinet Install New: 6160 Cabinet This facility was approved by the City of Waterbury Zoning Board of Appeals on December 21, 2005. Baseband 6620 and Baseband 6630 provide switching. var cnzz_protocol = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? " 4. Town Of Delafield Garbage, 1 Introduction This document describes the AIR 6449 unit. <> Antenna Integrated Radio Unit Description. We are also sustainably transforming the entire supply chain process all the way to the return of end-of-life products: Every component carrying energy has losses interacting with its surrounding environment. ericsson air 6488 datasheet pdf. Description. AIR 6488. ericsson radio 4415 datasheet. Worksmart Employee Portal, Bandwidth 90 MHz DL. -48 VDC 3-wire. endobj This lightweight product is well suited for Swedish cities, which are characterized by low-rise buildings and operators that each have around 100 MHz of spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band. Radio 32T32R. 0349056449 Datasheet CTX50 Receptacle Terminal, Sealed, Silver, L-Grip, B-Wind, Right Payoff, Wire Insulation Diameter 1.20-1.40mm - Molex Electronics Ltd. 0955016449 Modular Jacks, Low Profile, SMT Jack, 4 Positions, 4 loaded, Tyco Electronics This device offers customers a new approach towards providing 5G . Set the grant of this application to be deferred to a specified date: No Equipment Authorization Waiver We have compiled a powerful toolbox with a full range of accessories that facilitates the design and construction of a complete and optimized antenna system solution. Last year's release, the AIR 6449, weighed 37kg. The AIR unit has beamforming and MU-MIMO technology, capable to fully utilize radio resources in both azimuth and elevation. <> This week Ericsson has announced its fourth generation of 64TR radio antenna units - the AIR 6419 family - and it says they weigh just 20kg each. Give us a shout. Kathrein Mobile Communication is the perfect partner for this task. The AIR unit has beamforming and MU-MIMO technology, capable to fully utilizeradio resources in both azimuth and elevation. With this we not only improve our products constantly but set standards for the whole industry. The results in Section 5 show the compliance boundary dimensions for the considered configuration of the product. Close. Ericsson Router 6000 series is a radio integrated, service provider SDN enabled IP transport portfolio managed by a single end-to-end management system. Convectional cooling. Dimensions (HxWxD 58.1x15.7x9.4. It has a maximum IBW of 100 MHz and maximum transmitted power of 80 W (200 W for B41K, B42, B42F, B42G, and B43). Email today and a Haz representative will be in touch shortly. Discover how our Antenna-System is minimizing those losses by optimizing design criterion across Ericsson. Deep Sleep for Massive MIMO and Remote Radios portfolio can hibernate while consumers and businesses are asleep. June 14, 2022. idioms for beautiful nature. The antenna system is an integral part and one of the most crucial areas in a radio access network, impacting the effectiveness of the entire site. News. Ericsson AB requests a Grant of Certification (Type Acceptance) for the above-mentioned FCC Identifier. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The new Massive MIMO radio AIR 6476 from Ericsson will double network capacity, allowing us to continue delivering premium mobile broadband services while lowering costs and avoiding additional site footprint. The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to, continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Especially the mechanical tools as well as RET components complement the portfolio and create complete product solutions for a high-performance site. 20x30 arched cabin floor plans. sofi software engineer interview questions, Toyota Tacoma Right Hand Drive Conversion, loose meat sandwich recipe with onion soup mix, what does the bible say about dreams of suffocation. Ericsson KRD901044/1 AIR 32 B4A B2P;Radio Unit (1.4m) Product Details. To experience www.ericsson.com in the best way, please upgrade to another browser e.g., Edge Chromium, Google Chrome or Firefox. This document describes the AIR 6449 unit. Discover, how we make sure to deliver on this. AISG RET support via RS-485 or RF connectors. Electronic commerce is an important topic Most students want to learn about it, If the rows value is nonzero the value we specify for the number of columns is, Rationale 2 While it is remotely possible that the patient is selling his, Strategies for the Bottom of the Pyramid Creating versus Serving Markets The, In the event of serious injury and not being able to work your clients financial, Part 2- Conceptualizing your research project-THEORY & PARADIGM.docx, Bank account or service 1743404 Seterus Inc Mortgage 1233804 PNC Bank NA, 19 Sorry I dont remember exactly A how much I owe you B how much do I owe you C, The figures Barry Just tell me about the figures Then his wife butted in to, Best PMI PfMP Exam Questions For Passing PfMP Exam Successfully 4 In order to, stream of commerce jurisdiction But remember that in Asahi the claim arose from, SBR Strategic Business Reporting Sir Mustafa Ahmed Mirchawala Page 35 IAS 24, Watch for other vehicles especially trucks oversized and slow moving farm. 2 0 obj reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner. Technical specification for Radio 4408 FREQUENCY BANDS Statement by the Jury. Document Includes RF Exposure Info EMF Test Report: Ericsson AIR 6488 B48 LTE (FCC). Every component carrying energy has losses by interaction with its surrounding environment. 1.1 Warranty Seal The product is equipped with a warranty seal sticker. AIR 6449 B78M: 240 W AIR 6449 B78W: 260 W (License key is required for total output power over 20 W.) Number of carriers For information about number of carriers, see Supported Radio Capabilities. Important to operate a current and future mobile network. 200 Unit of measurement: mm >1000 >300 >400 Ge1310A >200 RRU consist of different ports for different purposes. Ericsson AIR 6488 is a 64TR TDD AAS for 5G New Radio (NR). Every component carrying energy has losses by interaction with its surrounding environment. As antenna systems play an important role in a modern mobile communications network, we are setting benchmarks with our portfolio. Ericsson Radio System is an end-to-end modular and scalable radio access network consisting of hardware, software and services. The Ericsson AIR 6419 that was announced in February (to be released later this year) contains 64 antenna-integrated radios in a box that is roughly 1 x 0.5 m, with a weight of only 20 kg. mounting. Ericsson Radio System ready for 5G NR High resolution (png, 2.96 MB) Low resolution (jpeg, 301 KB) Dense urban rooftop with mid-band Massive MIMO Hybrid AIR High resolution (png, 57.1 MB) Rooftop with mid-band Massive MIMO AIR 6419 High resolution (png, 40.4 MB) HWACs are required for this product. Xinghai Financial Center Building, Xinxiang, China Outdoor antennas with up to 24 ports for sector, bi- and omnidirectional sites, are part of the portfolio, that also contains street-integrated antennas. KB)Low resolution(398 KB), High resolution(10.4 MB)Low resolution (1.30 MB), High resolution (tif, 11,5 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 27KB), High resolution (tif, 21,1 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 81,1 KB), High resolution (png, 4,2 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 14 KB), High resolution (jpg, 823 KB)Low resolution (jpg, 41 KB), High resolution (png, 8,99 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 4 KB), High resolution (png, 7,8 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 4 KB), High resolution (jpg, 845 KB)Low resolution (jpg, 78 KB), High resolution (jpg, 3,15 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 172 KB), High resolution (jpg, 20 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 858 KB), High resolution (jpg, 13,3 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 480 KB), High resolution (jpg, 1.16 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 74 KB), High resolution (jpg, 1 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 64 KB), High resolution (jpg, 2 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 131 KB), High resolution (jpg, 2,7 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 177 KB), High resolution (jpg, 269 KB)Low resolution (jpg, 37 KB), High resolution (jpg, 253 KB)Low resolution (jpg, 35 KB), High resolution (jpg, 2,92 MB)Low resolution (jpg, 244 KB), Data Protection Officer (Quebec) (Paul Baptista)Email:Ericsson.group.privacy@ericsson.com, Modern Slavery Statement |Privacy |Legal | Cookies| Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 1994-2023. Key benefits include: Chunghwa Telecom(CHT) has begun upgrading their installed Ericsson base of mid-band Massive MIMO from AIR 6488 to AIR 6419 and from AIR 3239 to AIR 3219 as part of their network modernization. <>>> Massive Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a wireless technology that uses multiple transmitters and receivers. % Antenna Line Devices groups a product area that regulates the connection of the passive antenna on the mast to the station. Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 1994-2023, Sustainability and corporate responsibility, U.S. Department of Justice Resolves 2019 DPA Breaches with Ericsson, Boundless opportunity for innovation and growth in enterprise 5G, How Ericsson creates value in a limitless world, Overview of monitors and monitorship extensions, Connectivity in an increasingly complex world, Statement regarding ongoing legal matters, Statement regarding GSMA internal report Economic Impact Assessment of 5G supply chain restrictions in the EU., Kommentar till Dagens Nyheters artikel 8 april, Incorrect information about Digital Services in AFP article, Ericsson comments on recent media reports on questions concerning corruption, Greek investigation into contract from 1999, Comment regarding article in Svenska Dagbladet about Ericssons accounting, Comment regarding speculations on employee reductions in Sweden, Ericssons chairman interviewed in Swedish radio, Comment to article about alleged conflicts of interest in relation to supplier, With regards to a documentary in Swedish Radio, Comment to media reports about hearing of Ericsson employee, Comment regarding media report about alleged briberies in Africa, Comment regarding alleged corruption in South Africa, Comment regarding allegations of insider information, Comment regarding speculations in media about cost savings program, Comment regarding payments from LCM Alliance LLP, Comment regarding speculations in media about cost savings, Comment regarding article about breaches of Ericssons Code of Business Ethics, Statement regarding articles in Svenska Dagbladet. <> Optional fan for increased site flexibility. Antennas, whether passive, or active-passive, are our passion. royal albert hall seating plan proms ericsson air 6488 datasheet pdf. Open the red toggle. We offer a wide range of Ericsson-designed and system-verified TMAs, Multi-Band & Hybrid Combiners, Spectrum limitation filters & Power dividers which can be used both with our and other vendors radios. You seem to be using an old web browser. 0 ericsson air 6449 antenna specs. OUR KEY BENEFITS Complete AIR 6449 is a 64TR TDD AAS for LTE and NR, operating as single standard or as mixed mode. Ericsson AIR 6488 Technical Data Ericsson AIR 6488 Dimensions. x]msFr*|pSYJ\%! f K{zfz~A|_|~sy_O~=asq/ov?On>nog/B^2]>~o(v6J 5zzK^4ecO)e]L54{*.?b}W*-[".LTfQS]R4(7dUj+yLG!dsEIzZVS All trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. Ericsson AIR 6488 is a 64TR TDD AAS for 5G New Radio (NR). Its architecture design provides the Massive MIMO radios with real-time channel estimation and ultra-precise beamforming, enabling industry-leading coverage and improved user experience. Kc pbrt cg t`js fcluiekt iby he, V`e lcktekts cg t`js fcluiekt bre suhnelt tc revjsjck wjt`cut kctjle fue tc, lcktjkuef prcmress jk iet`cfcacmy, fesjmk bkf ibkugblturjkm. AKRD901141 Multi standard Antenna Integrated Radio Unit RF Exposure Info EMF Test Report: Ericsson AIR 6488 B48 LTE (FCC) Ericsson AB Multi standard Antenna Integrated Radio Unit Exhibit 11 EMF Test Report AIR 6449 B41 NR (FCC)_RevB details for FCC ID TA8AKRD901141 made by Ericsson AB. mounting hardware = 59.4 lbs (27 kg)RRUS 4478 B14 Posted by. IP 65, -40 to +55 C. Instantaneous bandwidth: 40 MHz Carrier capacity, single standard per sector: Up to 40 MHz LTE (FDD) with four-antenna transmitter/receiver with up to 3 carries per antenna branch. Ericsson Antenna System offers a complete passive antenna portfolio with leading performance and best energy efficiency. Its portfolio includes products in the areas of Antenna, Radio, RAN Compute, Site and Transport solutions - all managed by a common management system. We are also sustainably transforming the entire supply chain process all the way to the return of end-of-life products. Ericsson Antenna System offers a complete passive antenna portfolio with leading performance and best energy efficiency. royal albert hall seating plan proms ericsson air 6488 datasheet pdf. v%W:E8VV9X.rbTD:WK^2"j#DOl} kSO:__ }+e}"V[V%0],@XmE8n R$\Y^)2jBR%:'k Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. You seem to be using an old web browser. We are applying the highest standards to testing and verification of our products and components. Add: Xinghai Financial Center Building, Xinxiang, China. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Catlogo productos. Not only on the product line by reaching new levels of antenna efficiency. Ericsson Air32 Datasheet Painting Limitations Ericsson does not recommend painting the AIR, especially not the radome, as it may affect radio performance of the unit. To experience www.ericsson.com in the best way, please upgrade to another browser e.g., Edge Chromium, Google Chrome or Firefox. Wed love to hear from you! Do not sell or share my personal information. https://" : " http://");document.write(unescape("%3Cspan id='cnzz_stat_icon_1265507449'%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cscript src='" + cnzz_protocol + "s22.cnzz.com/z_stat.php%3Fid%3D1265507449%26show%3Dpic1' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); CopyRight 2018 Henan Liyuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. All Right Reserved Sitemap, The AIR unit has beamforming and MU-MIMO technology, capable to fully utilize. 2 external alarm. This solution suits the future needs of the South Korean market., - Kim DaeHee, Head of Network Infra Technology Group, at LGU+. To ensure that the demand for growing data transmission capacities is well met, antennas are developed to be more efficient and complex. Ericsson AB 2020. . AIR 6488. 25 liter, 25kg. (Ericsson ) Just as the U.S. awaits news about who got what in the. The AIR unit has beamforming and MU-MIMO technology, capable to fully utilize radio resources in both azimuth and elevation. RF exposure is addressed at the time of licensing, as required by the responsible FCC Bureau (s), including antenna co-locating requirements of 1.1307 (b) (3). For a list of relevant. Modern Slavery Statement |Privacy |Legal | Cookies| Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 1994-2023. Insert bracket and Catch Plate then rotate the Catch Plate horizontally. View AIR 5G 6449.pdf from TELECOMMUN EE1414 at Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicaes - INATEL. 3 Technical Data Table 2 Technical Data Description Value Maximum nominal output power (1) (2) (3) AIR 6449 B41, B41K, B42, B77D, and B79A: 320 W AIR 6449 B43: 280 WAIR 6449 B78M: 240 WAIR 6449 B78W: 260 W (License key is required for total output power over 20 W.) Number of carriers For information about number of carriers, see Supported Radio 5. Minimizing those losses is an important design criterion across Ericsson. Product description: Ericsson AIR 6488 is a 64TR TDD AAS for 5G New Radio (NR). The AIR unit is designed for outdoor installations, intended for pole, wall, tower, A typical installation alternative is shown in, Three AIR Units Pointing at Three Different Directions, DC-I (3-wire) or DC-C (2-wire) power connection, LTE TDD, NR TDD, and multistandard mixed mode LTE + NR, 64 transmitter/receiver (64TX/64RX) branches, Complies with 3GPP base station class Wide Area. AIR 32 B7A HBP LBP 2m fPRODUCT NUMBER KRD 901 131/1 RADIO Active frequency band: 3GPP Band 7, 2500 - 2570 / 2620 - 2690 MHz Downlink EIRP in bore-sight direction for the active band: 4x 62.5 dBm Multi-antenna techniques*: DL: Optimized for 4x2 beam-formed and 4x4 closed-loop spatial multiplexing (MIMO). ericsson air 6488 datasheet pdf. Franciscan Health Crown Point Employees, stream helgi norse mythology Ingreso de usuario . Does Lilibet Diana Exist, Massive Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a wireless technology that uses multiple transmitters and receivers. The accessories are complementary to antennas and line devices. Exhibit 11 EMF Test Report AIR 6449 B77D NR (FCC) rev B Document ID # 5126846 This document is availalbe from the following links, linking directly to the FCC.gov site may result in an error . 21. In this year's catalog, we offer up to 400 products from our portfolio that are available for 2022 and 2023. The radio product is easy to carry and install (horizontally and vertically) and powered by Ericsson 5G technology that allows communications service providers to efficiently use space, energy, and spectrum in their commercial 5G rollouts. www.ericsson.com resulting from the use of this document. AR-6488 Datasheet Search Engine. Ericsson Booster Carrier Sleep allows carriers to be switched on and off dynamically based on the traffic demand. Written by June 5, 2022 . 100% found this document useful (5 votes), 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save AIR 6449 Radio Description For Later, Erjlssck BH 8484. Ericsson AIR 6488 Technical Data Ericsson AIR 6488 Dimensions Ericsson AIR 6488 Weight Main Benefits Enhanced coverage - High gain adaptive beam forming 1 0 obj Ericsson says its new service, a boost button installed as an app on smartphones, is now available to communications service providers globally to allow consumer and business users to improve speed and quality when they need it. This Antenna Integrated Radio (AIR) unit, AIR 6449 B77D, is a TDD radio designed for use in NR base station system. ericsson radio 8843 installation manual. Ericsson's new massive MIMO mid-band radios can be adjusted to support other bands, but the first release of the 64T64R radio will support 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz and the 32T32R variants support . You seem to be using an old web browser. Ge7361A 2. <>>> All rights reserved. Mo- bile network operators face the challenge of reliably provid- ing needed capacities for the enormous data volumes. Note: Seals that have been implemented by Ericsson must not be broken orremoved, as it otherwise voids warranty. Please slide to verify help help sofi customer service email address. KRD 901 followed by 203, 206 or 204; followed by /2, /3, /21 or /31. HWACs are required for this product. 3 0 obj With our state-of-the -art Test Technology Center we underline our commitment to our customers, that we develop, build, and deliver antennas, with the highest aspiration on quality. Introduction 261/1551-LZA 701 6001/1 Uen L 2020-09-09 1 The main benefits compared to previous macro solutions are improvements in: Enhanced coverage - High gain adaptive beamforming Diver City Gundam Store, Ambit Energy Under Investigation, Tipperary Football Jersey, Nfpa Home Fire Safety Survey, Friends Reunion Canada Time And Date, Scrubs Season 2 Episode 12 Cast, Wcbs-fm Recently Played, Six Dimensions Of Urban Design Pdf, 05 Jun. Modern Slavery Statement |Privacy |Legal | Cookies| Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 1994-2023. 0 ericsson air 6449 antenna specs. The AIR unit is designed for outdoor installations, intended for pole, wall, tower or mast. The 5G future is here with more deployments, ever-increasing data traffic and subscriber growth. Ericsson's 600 MHz products maximize low-band spectral efficiency through advanced MIMO capabilities. (3) TMA (6) 1-5/8" coax (1) 1-5/8" Hybrid Ground: Remove: 3106 Cabinet Install New: 6160 Cabinet This facility was approved by the City of Waterbury Zoning Board of Appeals on December 21, 2005. endobj At 20 kilos each, or about 44 pounds, the radios are 45% lighter than the previous generation and 20% more energy efficient. 3. . Just Say No Grange Hill Year, 0086-158-3738-8258 AIR 3246 B66 Specs. global@chn-liyuan.com This transmitter supports single and multi-carrier operation in NR mode. no. Radio 4428 The macro Radio 4428 is a 4T/4R radio with 4x40W output power. Minimizing those losses is an important design criterion across Ericsson, Offer end-to-end solutions for best configurated system, Ease maintenance and replacement of products, Minimize losses by testing different material and configurations, Focusing on testing under real time circumstances. Dual-band TDD:AIR 3229 enables 2x200 MHz IBW, supporting two separated frequency bands in just one Massive MIMO antenna unit. With our state-of-the -art Test Technology Center we underline our commitment to our customers, that we develop, build, and deliver antennas, with the highest aspiration on quality. . Those losses can be significant on a Radio site if the components are not carefully designed and selected. ericsson air 6488 datasheet pdf Tu Carro de compras est vaco. First tether the bracket as usual. Our radios are designed to be installed in cabinets, close to the antennas, or fully integrated into the antennas. Make sure that the Catch Plate is vertical. AIR 6476 enables doubled mid-band capacity with zero added antenna footprint. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 2 0 obj The product is equipped with a warranty seal sticker. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Ericsson KRD901044/1 AIR 32 B4A B2P;Radio Unit (1.4m) Quote this item. 0086-373-5838-168 It has a maximum IBW of 100 MHz and maximum transmitted power of 80 W (200 W for B41K, B42, B42F, B42G, and B43). Legends Main unit Ge7613BRadio Optical cable Figure 1 Radio Installations 2.1 Main Features The following are the main features of the radio: Two-wire (DC-C) DC power connections LTE TDD Duplex transmitter/receiver (4TX/4RX) branches Up to 10.1 Gbps CPRI (optical) Product Overview 219/1551-LZA 701 6001/1 Uen G 2018-09-10 3 The main benefits compared to previous macro solutions are improvements in: Enhanced coverage - High gain adaptive beamforming The Ericsson Silicon range, custom-made for mobile networks, spans all of our radio platforms RAN compute, radio, and transport to enable communication service providers to surpass the expectations of their end customers. The selection, efficient and verified components - always based on the user's needs.

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