Those who have left Islam are more likely to be immigrants from Iran (22%) than those who have not switched faiths (8%). Indeed, while aboutone-in-fiveAmerican Muslim adults were raised in a different faith tradition and converted to Islam, a similar share of Americans who were raised Muslim nowno longer identify with the faith. It is an autonomous republic in Russia. Since the year 2000, the Israeli Druze community has witnessed a significant decrease in fertility-rate and a significant increase in life expectancy. [82] According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, around 9% of Latin Americans were raised as Protestant, but nearly 19% now identify themselves as Protestants. [310] According to The New York Times, an estimated 25% of American Muslims are converts,[311] these converts are mostly African American. High fertility is a major driver of projected Muslim population growth around the world and in particular regions. According to the Pew Research Center, religious conversion may have a modest impact on religiously unaffiliated population between 2010 and 2050; religiously unaffiliated are expected to gain 61 million adherents. "A missiological postscript", in McLeod and Ustorf (eds). [54] By 2050, Christianity is expected to remain the majority of population and the largest religious group in Latin America and Caribbean (89%),[55] North America (66%),[56] Europe (65.2%)[57] and Sub Saharan Africa (59%). [63][64][65][66] Since 1900, due primarily to conversion, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. [303][304] According to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the World Christian Database as of 2007 has Islam as the fastest-growing religion in the world. By actually counting the number of people who showed up at representative sample of churches, two researchers, Kirk Hadaway and Penny Marler found that only 20.4 percent of the population, or half the Gallup figure, attended church each weekend. [101] The main growth areas have been Asia and Africa, 39% and 32%, respectively, since 2000. [348] [293], Generally, the term "conversion" is not applicable to Hindu traditions. Projections of future religious adherence are based on assumptions that trends, total fertility rates, life expectancy, political climate, conversion rates, secularization, etc. Islam is the fastest-growing religion in Europe. From 2000-2010, only a total of 135 out of 686 applications by Muslims seeking . [71], According to scholar Philip Jenkins Christianity is growing rapidly in China and some other Asian countries and sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the tribes decided that as their loyalty to Islam had been primarily to Muhammad himself, his death . Muslims that seek to renounce Islam face legal obstacles, societal push-back, and harsh penalties. Since 2010, the rate of increase was of 0.3% in the Americas and Europe. [71], Christianity is still the largest religion in Western Europe, according to a 2018 study by the Pew Research Center, 71.0% of the Western European population identified themselves as Christians, however, most of them are non-practicing and non- church-attending. [305] A 2007 Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) report argued that some Muslim population projections are overestimated, as they assume that all descendants of Muslims will become Muslims even in cases of mixed parenthood. [306], According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 213 million babies were born to Muslim mothers and roughly 61 million Muslims died, meaning that the natural increase in the Muslim population i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths was 152 million over this period",[38] and it added small net gains through religious conversion into Islam (420,000). [235] A June 2020 online survey found a much smaller percentage of Iranians stating they believe in Islam, with half of those surveyed indicating they had lost their religious faith. [227] Large increases in the developing world (around 23,000 per day) have been accompanied by substantial declines in the developed world, mainly in Western Europe and North America. [83], The US Department of State estimated in 2005 that Protestants in Vietnam may have grown by 600% over the previous 10 years. When the kingdom fell to Islamic influences and Brawijaya V converted to Islam in 1478, Sabdapalon cursed the King. [349] The prospect of a homogenous Muslim community per se, or a Muslim majority in Europe is however out of the question. [52] In 1900, Europe and the Americas were home to the vast majority of the world's Christians (93%). Only 4.7% of the Parsi community are under 6 years of age, which translates to 7 births per year per 1,000 individuals. [104][105][106] In Brazil, the total number of Protestants jumped from 16.2% in 2000[107] to 22.2% in 2010 (for the first time, the percentage of Catholics in Brazil is less than 70%). A 2014 study indicated that over 1.2 million people will leave the church in the next year. According to statistics in Canada, the number of "Nones" increased by about 60% between 1985 and 2004. [38], According to Mark Jrgensmeyer of the University of California, popular Protestantism is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. A study by Pew Research found that the number of Americans who identified as Christian was 64% in 2020, with 30% of the US population being classed as "religiously unaffiliated". According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, by 2060 Muslims will remain the second world's largest religion; and if current trends continue, the number of Muslims will reach 2.9billion (or 31.1%). When asked where they think tensions between the Muslim and Western worlds originate, answers vary. Some metro areas, such as Washington, D.C., have sizable Muslim communities. [236] According to Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, the number of Iranian Americans Muslims decreased from 42% in 2008 to 31% in 2012 according to a telephone survey around the Los Angeles region. Werner Ustorf. [19][20][21][22][23], Statistical data on conversion to and from Islam are scarce. [220][221][222] Churches in Europe say that there is an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity among immigrants. That means 3 of every 4 people leaving Islam go to something other than Christianity. Sept. 11, 2001, marked the start of a new era for Muslims in the United States.. [351] Eric Kaufman also argue that the main reason why Islam is expanding along with other religions, is not because of conversion to Islam, but primarily to the nature of the religion, as he calls it "pro-natal", where Muslims tend to have more children. In this . For example, federal legislation prohibits and criminalizes non-Muslims for preaching or converting Muslims into their religion, even though the reverse is allowed. [26] The study also reveals that, due to young age & relatively high fertility rate among Muslims by 2050 there will be near parity between Muslims (2.8billion, or 30% of the population) and Christians (2.9billion, or 31%), possibly for the first time in history. The latest estimate combines informationfrom our 2017 surveyof U.S. Muslims which reported on the prevalence of Muslims among immigrants and other demographic groups withofficial Census Bureau data on the number of people in these groups. It has a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. Hinduism is the largest religion in the countries of India, Nepal, and Mauritius. "[411], The largest proportions of the total world Bah' population[412] were found in sub-Saharan Africa (29.9%) and South Asia (26.8%), followed by Southeast Asia (12.7%) and Latin America (12.2%). At the end of 2017, the average age of the Israeli Druze was 27.9. According to Justin Vasse the fertility rate of Muslim immigrants declines with integration. [230][231][232][233][234][235][236] The 2014 Religious Landscape Study finds a large majority (87.6%) of those who were raised as Christians in the United States still identify as such, while the rest who no longer identify as Christians mostly identify as religiously unaffiliated, and the number of those leaving Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of converts; however, the number of those convert to evangelical Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of those leaving that faith. [93] Professor Aris Ananta reported in 2008 that "anecdotal evidence suggests that more Buddhist Chinese have become Christians as they increased their standards of education, because Christianity, unlike Buddhism, is often associated with 'modernity' and Western education", although there are no stats to support this. forced converts from Islam. [213][214] Some scholars and media reports indicate that in the Middle East there been increasing numbers of conversions to Christianity among the Berbers,[215][216][201] Kurds,[217][218][201] Persians,[206] and Turks,[219] and among some religious minorities such as Alawites and Druze. It also stated that "the number of people who embrace Islam and the number of those who leave Islam are roughly equal. 22 August 2019. Clerics are now expressing their concern about people, particularly youngsters, leaving the fold of Islam. The share of the global unaffiliated population living in Europe is projected to grow from 12% in 2010 to 13% in 2050. [62] Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant. Sign up now! [312] According to The Huffington Post, "observers estimate that as many as 20,000 Americans convert to Islam annually. ", "A PORTRAIT OF JEWISH AMERICANS: Chapter 1: Population Estimates", "American-Jewish Population Rises to 6.8 Million", Arena Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia, "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census", "The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian", "GOD IN THE "LAND OF THE MERCEDES" THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ALBANIA SINCE 1990", "Better than Muslims, Not as Good as Greeks: Emigration as Experienced and Imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxhri", "Albanian Immigrants in the Greek City: Spatial 'Invisibility' and Identity Management as a Strategy of Adaptation", "Kabylia: Christian Churches Closed by Algerian Authorities", "Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada", "U.S. Report on Religious Freedom in Middle East", "The Catholic and Protestant churches are working together to draw up guidelines for conversions", "European churches say growing flock of Muslim refugees are converting", "The treatment of Christians in Bangladesh", "Country Policy and Information Note - Bangladesh: Religious minorities and atheists", "Urban culture, religious conversion, and crossing ethnic fluidity among the Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks")", "Islam in Denmark an historical overview", "Why Are So Many Muslim Refugees in Europe Suddenly Finding Jesus? Grim, International religious demographic statistics and sources, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:39, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Christianity has grown rapidly in South Korea, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, List of countries by Zoroastrian population, Religious Projections for the Next 200 Years, "The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013", "A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising", "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group", The Future of the Global Muslim Population, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199920570.001.0001, 10.1525/california/9780520266612.001.0001, "Pentecostalismthe fastest growing religion on earth", "Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar", "More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind", "Witnessing The New Reach Of Pentecostalism", "Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital", "Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world", "The Future of the Global Muslim Population", "The countries where apostasy is punishable by death", "The Changing Global Religious Landscape", "Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 20102050, p.43", "The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010", "The Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists", People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011, "Global Christianity: Regional Distribution of Christians", The Future of World Religions p.8 Table: Size and Projected Growth of Major Religious Groups, "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions", "Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs", "Africa overtakes Latin America for the highest Christian population", "Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set", The Global Religious Landscape: Christians, "The Future of World Religions; Regional Change p.60", "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Turning point in Christianity: Eastern Europe in the late 20th Century", "Engendering Charismatic Economies: Pentecostalism, Global Political Economy, and the Crisis of Social Reproduction", "Study: Christianity growth soars in Africa", "China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years", "The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership Analysis", "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region", "6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population", "Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 Vietnam", "Better-educated S'pore residents look to religion", China accused of trying to 'co-opt and emasculate' Christianity, "AFP: In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians", "In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians", "Religious Demographic Profiles Pew Forum", "VATICAN - CATHOLIC CHURCH STATISTICS 2018 - Agenzia Fides", "Think religion is in decline? [95][96][97], In 1900, there were only 8.7million[47] adherents of Christianity in Africa, while in 2010 there were 390 million. [60] The Vatican's 2008 yearbook of statistics revealed that for the first time, Islam has outnumbered the Roman Catholics globally. Since then, the Muslim population has continued to grow at a rate of roughly 100,000 per year, driven both by higher fertility rates among Muslim Americans as well as the continued migration of Muslims to the U.S. Muslims who leave the faith often face abuse and violence - but a grassroots group that's touring American colleges is trying to help. January 26, 2018 The share of Americans who leave Islam is offset by those who become Muslim By Besheer Mohamed and Elizabeth Podrebarac Sciupac Like Americans in many other religious groups, a substantial share of adults who were raised Muslim no longer identify as members of the faith. [482] In contrast to the religion's slowing growth in India, Sikhism is the fastest growing religion in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. [445] In addition, there are examples where the adherents have their highest density among minorities in societies who face their own challenges. Those who embrace Islam tend to do so after years of contact with Muslims. [26], Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century. [386] Hugh Kennedy has also discussed the Jizyah issue and stated that Muslim governments discouraged conversion but were unable to prevent it. And many people who left last year are coming back too. It's also hard to kiss. [336][337][b] A survey conducted by Pew Research Center in 2017 found that conversion has a negative impact on the growth of the Muslim population in Europe, with roughly 160,000 more people leaving Islam than converting into Islam between 2010 and 2016. Despite the decline, Muslims still have the highest birth rate among the world's major religious groups. [246] According to a study by a scholar Fenggang Yang from Purdue University, Christianity is "spreading among the Chinese of South-East Asia", and "Evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity is growing more quickly in China",[247] also according to him, more than half of them have university degrees. In fact, a solid 55 percent of those who leave Islam stop identifying with a religion at all. Wealthy Neighborhoods Saw the Most People Leave Every borough experienced a spike in people moving out last year, but Manhattan saw the . [80] According to scholar Francis Fukuyama of Stanford University "converts to Protestantism find their incomes, education levels, hygiene and social networks expanding". One striking difference between former Muslims and those who have always been Muslim is in the share who hail from Iran. Islam is now the second most popular religion on the planet with more . Hibatullah Akhundzada praised his movement's advance in every corner of the country and celebrated the historic seizure of Kabul in August 2021 as one more. HarperCollins, 2009, p.15,93. [324], According to the religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center, between 2010 and 2050 modest net gains through religious conversion are expected for Muslims (3million)[326] and most of the net gains through religious conversion for Muslims found in Sub Saharan Africa (2.9million). [283] Approximately 94% of the world's Hindus live in India. [425] Yet, rather than being a cultural spread from either Iran or North America, in 2001, sociologist David Barrett wrote that the Bah Faith is, "A world religion with no racial or national focus". [53] According to Pew Research Center study, by 2050 the number of Christians in absolute number is expected to grow to more than double in the next few decades,[54] from 517 million to 1.1billion in Sub Saharan Africa,[54] from 531million to 665million in Latin America and Caribbean,[54] from 287 million to 381million in Asia,[54] and from 266 million to 287million in North America. But, unlike some other faiths, Islam gains about as many converts as it loses. [75] Protestantism is growing primarily as a result of historic missionary activity and the recently high fertility rate in Africa,[76][77][38] and due primarily to conversion in China. [405] The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live. Learn about Muslims and Islam through four short lessons delivered to your inbox every other day. Although some national censuses ask people about their religion, they do not ask if they have converted to their presently espoused faith. More people are killed by Islamists each year than in all 350 years of the Spanish Inquisition combined. by Warren Clark and Grant Schellenberg", "Mxico sigue siendo catlico pero crece el nmero de ateos", "Mexico still Catholic, but number of atheists on the rise", "International Religious Freedom Report 2012 New Zealand", "Sikhism | History, Doctrines, Practice, & Literature", "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "The Daily The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity", "B16001LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER", "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population", "Table QS210EW 2011 Census: Religion (Detailed), local authorities in England and Wales", "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions", "2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016", "We need to worry about the decline in Sikh numbers", "Proportion and growth rate of population by religious communities, India, 19612001", "1. The epicentre of these trends will be in immigration gateway cities like New York (a third white), Amsterdam (half Dutch), Los Angeles (28% white), and London, 45% white British. To many Muslims, it may be the word of God, but in thinking this, they deny the fact that faith is a lived experience and the faith that they follow has been shaped by human lives who have gone before. New York: Oxford University Press. [19], These forecasts lack reliable data on religious conversion in China, but according to media reports and expert assessments, it is possible that the rapid growth of Christianity in China may maintain, or even increase, the current numerical advantage of Christianity as the largest religion in the world and may negatively affect the growth of the Religiously Unaffiliated. [124] According to the Council on Foreign Relations in 2007, experts estimated that thousands of Muslims in the Western world converted to Christianity annually, but were not publicized due to fear of retribution. [438] Bah' sources state "more than five million" Bah's in 1991-2. [407] The population grew again to around 13 million by the 1970s, but has since recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation. [252] According to a 2021 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity in India gained an increase from conversion, most of the Christian converts in India are former Hindus. [500][492], India has the world's largest Zoroastrian population who are called Parsis. While in prison for robbery from 1946 to 1952, he underwent a conversion that eventually led him to join the Nation of Islam, an African American movement that combined elements of Islam with Black nationalism. Schnabel and Bock argued also that evangelicalism and Conservative Christianity has persisted and expanded in the United States. [512][513][514] However, this has not been confirmed by independent sources. But while the share of American Muslim adults who are converts to Islam also is about one-quarter (23%), a much smaller share of current Christians (6%) are converts. Everyday, 16,000 Muslims convert to Christianity. More recently (20002010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and some African countries. The proportion of the global religiously unaffiliated living in North America will rise from 5% in 2010, to 9% in 2050. [26], Only in recent decades have surveys begun to measure changes in religious identity among individuals. As teenagers and 20-somethings seek to earn a. [362][363], According to Rodney Stark, Islam was spread after military conquests after Arab armies began overtaking Christian regions from Syria to North Africa and Spain,[364] as well as Zoroastrian, Buddhist and Hindu regions in Central Asia, parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia via military invasions,[365][366][367] traders and Sufi missionaries. [362][368][369][370] According to some scholars, the Jizya (poll tax) was the most important factor in the mass conversion to Islam, the tax paid by all non-Muslims (Dhimmis which translated means "protected persons") in Islamic empires[371][372][373][374] While other scholars oppose this belief, because the jizya was not of great value, and those who could not pay it were exempt from it. [393] Additionally, while in principle Reform Judaism favors seeking new members for the faith, this position has not translated into active proselytism, instead of taking the form of an effort to reach out to non-Jewish spouses of intermarried couples. [319] While Muslim birth rates are expected to experience a decline, it will remain above replacement level and higher fertility than the world's overall by 2050. [201] According to Guinness, approximately 12.5 million more people who converted to Islam than people who converted to Christianity between 1990 and 2000. Although they purchased some toleration by paying the jizya (poll tax), not abolished until 1882, they were treated as an inferior race, had to wear distinctive garb, and were not allowed to ride horses or bear arms. [99], Catholic Church membership in 2013 was 1.254billion, which is 17.7% of the world population, an increase from 437million, in 1950[100] and 654million, in 1970. [29], Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha, who was born in modern day Nepal and lived and taught in India in the 5th century BC. Still, based on our own survey and demographic research, as well as outside sources, Pew Research Center estimates that there wereabout 3.45 million Muslims of all ages living in the U.S. in 2017, and that Muslims madeup about 1.1% of the total U.S. population. In fact, about half of all converts to Islam (53%) identified as Protestant before converting; another 20% were Catholic. New Delhi: "I have hated Muslims most of my life and today I proudly call myself one," says Siddharth, who assumed the name Shadab when he converted to Islam in 2012. Democratic Republic of Congo: Muslim fighters from the Allied Democratic Forces, which earlier pledged allegiance to the Islamic State (ISIS), murdered at least 17 people, possibly many more, in the Christian-majority (95%) African nation. "They fired several shots in the air," a local said. [26] According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, over the next four decades the number of Jews around the world is expected to increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 16.3 million in 2060. According to Pew Research Center, in the United States, the percentage of people converting to Islam is almost the same as the people leaving Islam ( about 23%). On the other hand, the secular West and East Asia have very low fertility and rapidly aging populations. . Atheism and agnosticism are not typically considered religions, but data about the prevalence of. [327] In Europe Muslim population will be nearly double (from 5.9% to 10.2%). Additionally, in some countries, legal and social consequences make conversion difficult. [298] According to the same study "globally, Muslims have the highest fertility rate, an average of 3.1 children per woman well above replacement level (2.1)", and "in all major regions where there is a sizable Muslim population, Muslim fertility exceeds non-Muslim fertility". [391], Orthodox and Conservative Judaism discourage proselytism to non-Jews,[392] but many Jewish groups have tried to reach out to the assimilated Jewish communities of the Diaspora in order for them to reconnect to their Jewish roots. [270] About 26.3% of the Israeli Druze population are under 14 years old and about 6.1% of the Israeli Druze are 65 years and over. [30], Buddhism is the majority and state religion in six countries: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Bhutan and Laos. In every hour, 667 Muslims convert to Christianity. In probably a first in India, an organisation has been formed in Kerala to provide a platform to those who are renouncing Islam, a move which has significant socio-political implications. Sign up now! Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying', "1 Million Evangelical Christians March for Jesus in Brazil", "French Evangelicals through an American lens", "Nmero de brasileiros catlicos cai abaixo dos 70% pela 1 vez (Percent of Brazilian Catholics is below 70% for the first time)", "Growth stalls, falls for largest U.S. churches", "How many Jews are there in the United States? Sure, there are people losing faith, leaving Islam or stopping practicing but it is a minority. In other words, Christianity as a whole loses more people than it gains from religious switching (conversions in both directions) in the U.S., while the net effect on Islam in America is a wash. A 2017 Pew Research Center survey of U.S. Muslims, using slightly different questions than the 2014 survey, found a similar estimate (24%) of the share of those who were raised Muslim but have left Islam. When we first conducted a study of Muslim Americans in 2007, we estimated that there were 2.35 million Muslims of all ages (including 1.5 million adults) in the U.S. By 2011, the number of Muslims had grown to 2.75 million (including 1.8 million adults). [123] The 2015 Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census study published by Baylor University institute for studies of religion estimates that 10.2 million Muslims converted to Christianity based on global missionary data. But coming up with an answer is not easy, in part because the U.S. Census Bureau does not ask questions about religion, meaning there is no official government count of the U.S. Muslim population. [394] Studies have shown that Haredi Jews population is rising rapidly due to the young age and very high fertility-rate,[395] especially in Israel. The main reason for this is the social and legal repercussions associated with leaving Islam in many Muslim majority countries, up to and including the death penalty for apostasy. [110], The 19th century saw at least 250,000 Jews convert to Christianity according to existing records of various societies. Because of the Holocaust, the number had been reduced to 11 million by the end of 1945. [26], The American Religious Identification Survey gave nonreligious groups the largest gain in terms of absolute numbers: 14.3 million (8.4% of the population) to 29.4 million (14.1% of the population) for the period 19902001 in the U.S.[451][452] A 2012 study by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life reports, "The number of Americans who do not identify with any religion continues to grow at a rapid pace. [17][18], Counting the number of converts to a religion can prove difficult.

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